Hyperkeratosis in Dogs: Symptoms, Causes and Treatments

If you have noticed that your dog has hard, thickened skin, especially on its nose or paw pads, they might have hyperkeratosis. Most of the time, there is no cause for concern, but nevertheless, in this article, I will discuss the signs and symptoms, as well as treatment options for your dog.

What is hyperkeratosis in dogs?

Hyperkeratosis in dogs is a condition where the skin cells on the dog’s nose and paw pads grow excessively and fail to shed properly. This results in the accumulation of keratin, which is normally found in skin and hair.

When dogs have hyperkeratosis, the skin on your dog's nose and paw pads becomes unusually thick. Neither areas need to be affected at once, but when they do, we call it nasodigital hyperkeratosis.

Many clients ask me if this condition is painful for their dog. In most cases, it is not painful for your dog. I have found that if the affected areas dry out (especially in winter), crack or fissure, this is when secondary issues, such as secondary infection, can arise and be painful.

What are the causes of hyperkeratosis?

The following causes have been known to cause hyperkeratosis in dogs:

1. Genetics: In some cases, hyperkeratosis is congenital, meaning dogs are born with this condition. Cocker spaniels, boxers, English and French bulldogs, Boston terriers, beagles, and Basset hounds are predisposed.
2. Aging: Older dogs are prone to hyperkeratosis, and this is something I see commonly.
3. Systemic and dermatologic disorders: Certain health conditions can lead to hyperkeratosis. For example, canine distemper virus infection can cause nasodigital hyperkeratosis.

Symptoms of hyperkeratosis in dogs

Here are the potential signs and symptoms you may notice in your dog with hyperkeratosis:

• Thickening of the top part of your dog's nose or paw pads
• Dryness and crusting
• Fissures, cracks and ulcers
• Pawing at the nose or licking the paw pads
• Secondary infections

Also note that clinical signs may be more noticeable in the winter months due to reduced humidity in the air.

What are the treatment options for canine hyperkeratosis?

Treatment depends on the cause and severity of symptoms. Here are treatment strategies that I have used with success:

1. Topical treatments like ointments, creams, or balms can help soften and moisturize the affected areas.
2. Omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil) can help improve skin in dogs with hyperkeratosis.
3. Soaking your dog’s paws in warm water and/or propylene glycol can help soften the skin, making it easier to remove excess keratin. This can also provide relief for sore or painful areas.
4. Combination ointments that contain antibiotics and steroid anti-inflammatories.
5. In severe infections, oral antibiotics may be necessary.

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